Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

‘What’s puzzling you is the nature of my game’: What the grand narrative of entrepreneurship doesn’t say

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15678/IER.2021.0701.01

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this article is to heighten awareness of the dangerous allure of entrepreneurship as leveraged by modern capitalism.
Research Design & Methods: By employing a critical dialectical approach, this work attempts to uncover the origins of the grand narrative of entrepreneurship as well as the origins of the iconic status that the entrepreneur enjoys, as it is postulated that there is a link between the grand narrative and the reverence of the entrepreneur.
Findings: A theoretical synthesis between entrepreneurship and capitalism is illustrated by unpacking the assumptions of entrepreneurship and the education thereof.
Implications & Recommendations: Irresponsible communication of the entrepreneurship narrative, particularly relating to the promise of deliverance, should be carefully considered and contextualised by governments and educational institutions.
Contribution & Value Added: Highlighting the important pitfalls that pervade current thinking on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education when only the “grand” part of the narrative is shared. A reflection around the entrepreneurship discourse within a capitalist context is offered as an unbalanced picture of what entrepreneurship offers, particularly within developmental economies. In this regard, the question that is posed for reflection of scholars who are involved in entrepreneurship, relates to the ethics revolving around ‘selling the dream’ of entrepreneurship. A plea for a more balanced approach when communicating the value of entrepreneurship, is offered as a final thought.

Keywords

entrepreneurship, education, grand narrative, capitalism, critical management studies, criticality, 4IR

pdf

Author Biography

Geoff A. Goldman

DPhil in Leadership In Performance And Change (2008, University of Johannesburg, South Africa); Masters’ in Business Management (2003, Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa); Masters’ in Communication Science (1996, Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa); Bachelor of Arts (Honoribus) (1994, Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa); Bachelor of Commerce (1993, Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa). His research interests include Critical Management Studies, Morality of Business, Strategic Management, and Strategy Implementation.

Thea Tselepis

PhD in Consumer Science (Entrepreneurship and Design) (2014, University of Pretoria, South Africa); Masters in Consumer Science (2005, University of Pretoria, South Africa); Bachelors in Consumer Science (2000, University of Pretoria, South Africa). Her research interest include entrepreneurship, with, for and as creatives; entrepreneurship education and design thinking.


References

  1. Al-Awlaqi, M.A., Aamer, A.M., & Habtoor, N. (2018). The effect of entrepreneurship training on entrepreneurial orientation: Evidence form a regression discontinuity design on micro-sized businesses. The international Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 1-19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2018.11.003
  2. Andersen, J. (2017). What about the employees in entrepreneurial firms? A multi-level analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, role ambiguity, and social support. International Small Business Journal, 35(8), 969-990. https://doi.org/10.1177/026624261790797
  3. Audretsch, D.B., & Thurik, A.R. (1997). Sources of Growth: The Entrepreneurial Versus the Managed Economy. London: Centre For Economic Policy Research.
  4. Berglund, K. (2013). Fighting against All Odds: Entrepreneurship Education as Employability Training. Ephemera: Theory and politics in organization, 13(4), 717-735. Retrieved from: http://www.ephemerajournal.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/ contribution/13-4berglund.pdf on 15 March 2021.
  5. Berglund, K., & Wigren, C. (2012). Soc(iet)al Entrepreneurship: The shaping of a different story of entrepreneurship. Tamara: Journal of Critical Organisation Inquiry, 10(1), 9-22. Retrieved from: http://www.tamarajournal.com/index.php/tamara/article /view/143 on 15 March 2021.
  6. Blenker, P., Frederiksen, S.H., Korsgaard, S., Muller, S. Neergaard, H., & Thrane, C. (2012). Entrepreneurship as Everyday Practice: Towards a Personalized Pedagogy of Enterprise Education. Industry and Higher Education, 26(6), 417-430. https://doi.org/10.5367%2Fihe.2012.0126
  7. Benazzouz, N.M. (2019). Entrepreneurial orientation and innovation intensity: A synthetic literature review. International Entrepreneurship Review, 5(1), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.15678/ IER.2019.0502.02
  8. Choi, N., & Majumdar, S. (2014). Social entrepreneurship as an essentially contested concept: Opening a new avenue for systematic future research. Journal of business venturing, 29(3), 363-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.05.001
  9. Coste, J.H. (2020). American Entrepreneurship as Action Translated into Heuristic Discourse. In J.H. Coste & V. Dussol, The Fictions of American Capitalism. Palgrave Studies in Literature, Culture and Economics. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  10. Cruise, T. (2017). Are we confounding heroism and individualism? Entrepreneurs may not be lone rangers, but they are heroic nonetheless. Business Horizons, 60(1), 257-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.02.001
  11. Davidsson, P. (2002). What entrepreneurship research can do for business and policy practice. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 1(1), 5-24. Retrieved from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/5565/ on 15 March 2021.
  12. De Bernardi, P., & Azucar, D. (2020). The Role of Universities in Harnessing Entrepreneurial Opportunities. In P. De Bernardi & D. Azucar (Eds.) (2020), Innovation in Food Ecosystems: Entrepreneurship for a sustainable future (pp. 27-71). Springer, Cham.
  13. Deutschmann, C. (2001). Capitalism as a Religion? An Unorthodox Analysis of Entrepreneurship. European Journal of Social Theory, 4(4), 387-403. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F13684310122225226
  14. Dilli, S., Elert, N., & Herrmann, A.M. (2018). Varieties of entrepreneurship: exploring the institutional foundations of different entrepreneurship types through ‘Varieties-of-Capitalism’ arguments. Small Business Economics, 51(2), 293-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0002-z
  15. Down, S., & Warren, L. (2008). Constructing Narratives of Enterprise: Clichés and Entrepreneurial Self-Identity. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 14(1), 4-23. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550810852802
  16. Ebner, A. (2006). Schumpeterian entrepreneurship revisited: Historical specificity and the phases of capitalist development. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 28(3), 315-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/10427710600857849
  17. EC (European Commission). (2012). Effects and Impact of Entrepreneurship Programmes in Higher Education. Brussels: Directorate-General for Enterprise and Industry.
  18. Emami, M., & Nazari, K. (2012). Entrepreneurship, religion, and business ethics. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(11), 59-69. Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2083390 on 15 March 2021.
  19. Farny, S., Hannibal, M., Frederiksen, S.H., & Jones, S. (2016) A CULTure of Entrepreneurship Education. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 28(7-8), 514-535. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2016.1221228
  20. Ferreira, C.C. (2020). Experiential learning theory and hybrid entrepreneurship: factors influencing the transition to full-time entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 26(8), 1845-1863. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2019-0668
  21. Fritsch, M., & Wyrwich, M. (2017). The effect of entrepreneurship on economic development—an empirical analysis using regional entrepreneurship culture. Journal of Economic Geography, 17(1), 157-189. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbv049
  22. Gergen, K.J. (2001). Social Construction in Context. London: Sage.
  23. Giesen, B. (2005). Performing Transcendence in Politics: Sovereignty, Deviance, and the Void of Meaning. Sociological theory, 23(3), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0735-2751.2005.00254.x
  24. Głodowska, A., Maciejewski, M., & Wach, K. (2019). How Entrepreneurial Orientation Stimulates Dif-
  25. ferent Types of Knowledge in the Internationalisation Process of Firms from Poland?. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(1), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.070104
  26. Grey, C. (1998) Enterprise and Culture. London: Routledge.
  27. Gstraunthaler, T., & Hendry, S. (2011). Entrepreneurial and accounting education through action-based learning: the genesis project. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 14(1), 125-146.
  28. Gusenbauer, M., (2019). Google Scholar to overshadow them all? Comparing the sizes of 12 academic search engines and bibliographic databases. Scientometrics, 118(1), 177-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2958-5
  29. Hallett, T. (2010). The Myth Incarnate: Recoupling Processes, Turmoil, and Inhabited Institutions in an Urban Elementary School. American Sociological Review, 75(1), 52-74. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0003122409357044
  30. Herrmann, A.M. (2019). A plea for varieties of entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 52(2), 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0093-6
  31. How, A. (2017). Critical theory. New York: Macmillan.
  32. Johanisova, N., Crabtree, T., Frankov, E. (2013). Social Enterprises and Non-Market Capitals: A Path to Degrowth? Journal of Cleaner Production, 38(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.01.004
  33. Jones, C., Matlay, H., & Maritz, A. (2012). Enterprise education: for all, or just some? Education + Training, 54(8), 813-824. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911211274909
  34. Jones, G., & Wadhwani, R.D. (2008). Entrepreneurship. In G. Jones, & J. Zeitlin, Oxford handbook of business history. New York: Oxford University Press.
  35. Jones, C., & Spicer, A. (2005). The sublime object of entrepreneurship. Organization, 12(2), 223-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508405051189
  36. Kirzner, I.M. (1985) Discovery and the Capitalist Process, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
  37. Klein, P. G., & Bullock, J. B. (2006). Can Entrepreneurship Be Taught? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 38(2), 429-439. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S107407080002246X
  38. Korpysa, J. (2019). Entrepreneurial orientation of startups: Research results. International Entrepreneurship Review, 5(2), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.15678/IER.2019.0502.03
  39. Knudsen, T., & Swedberg, R. (2009). Capitalist Entrepreneurship: Making Profit through the Unmaking of Economic Orders. Capitalism and Society, 4(2), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.2202/1932-0213.1057
  40. Komulainen, K., Raty, H., & Korhonen, M. (2009). Risk-Taking Abilities for Everyone? Finnish Entrepreneurship Education and the Enterprising Selves Imagined by Pupils. Gender and Education, 21(6), 631-649. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540250802680032
  41. Korsgaard, S. (2013). It’s really out there: A review of the critique of the discovery view of opportunities. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 19(1), 130-148. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551311310347
  42. Laine, L., 2017. An eternal journey into an endless house: entrepreneurship as a hero-myth of the capitalist West. Unpublished Masters’ dissertation. Aalto: Aalto University.
  43. Lautenschlager, A., & Haase, H. (2011). The myth of entrepreneurship education: Seven arguments against teaching business creation at universities. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 14(1), 147-161.
  44. Lewin, P. (2002). Entrepreneurship and the Defense of Capitalism: An Examination of the Work of Israel Kirzner, Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, 12(2), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1057
  45. Lindner, J. (2018). Entrepreneurship education for a sustainable future. Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education, 9(1), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.2478/dcse-2018-0009
  46. Machan, T.R. (1999). Entrepreneurship and ethics. International Journal of Social Economics, 26(5), 596-608. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910216103
  47. Martin, B.C., McNally, J.J., & Kay, M.J. (2013) Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(1), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.002
  48. McCaffrey, M. (2009). Entrepreneurship, economic evolution, and the end of Capitalism: Reconsidering Schumpeter’s thesis. The quarterly journal of Austrian economics, 12(4), 3-21.
  49. McCraw, T. (2007). Prophet of Innovation. Cambridge: Belknap.
  50. Rae, D. (2010). Universities and enterprise education: Responding to the challenges of the new era. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 17(1), 591-606. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001011088741
  51. Nicotra, M., Romano, M., Del Giudice, M., & Schillaci, C.E. (2018). The causal relation between entrepreneurial ecosystem and productive entrepreneurship: A measurement framework. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 43(3), 640-673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9628-2
  52. Omar, N.A., Md Aris, H., & Nazri, M.A. (2016). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capability and knowledge creation on firm performance: A perspective on small scale entrepreneurs. Jurnal Pengurusan, 48, 187-200.
  53. Op't Hoog, S., & Skoumpopoulou, D. (2019). Entrepreneurship Education: Comparative study of initiatives of two partner universities. Athens Journal of Education, 6(4), 307-328. https://doi.org/10.30958/aje.6-4-4
  54. Parente, R., ElTarabishy, A., Vesci, M., & Botti, A. (2018). The epistemology of humane entrepreneurship: Theory and proposal for future research agenda. Journal of Small Business Management, 56, 30-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12432
  55. Schumpeter, J.A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. London: George Allen and Unwin,
  56. Schumpeter, J.A. (1952 [1st edn 1911]). Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Eine Untersuchung über Unternehmergewinn, Kapital, Kredit und Zins. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
  57. Sledzik K. (2013). Schumpeter’s view on innovation and entrepreneurship. In S. Hittmar, Management Trends in Theory and Practice, Zilinia: University of Zilina Press.
  58. Spigel, B., & Harrison, R. (2018). Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1268
  59. Sołek-Borowska, C., & Numprasertchai, H. (2018). Exploring entrepreneurial intentions of students: international perspective. International Entrepreneurship Review, 4(3), 357-372. Retrieved from: https://ier.uek.krakow.pl/index.php/pm/article/view/1779 on 15 March 2021.
  60. Sorensen, B.M. (2008). ‘Behold, I Am Making All Things New’: The Entrepreneur as Savior in the Age of Creativity. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 24(2), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2008.03.002
  61. Stam, E., & Nooteboom, B. (2011). Entrepreneurship, innovation and institutions. In D. Audretsch, O. Falck, & S. Heblich, Handbook of Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Chelthenham: Edward Elgar.
  62. Stouraitis, V., Harris, M.H.M., & Kyritsis, M. (2019). Individual entrepreneurial orientation in higher education and unsettling emerging market conditions: The cases of Malaysia and Thailand. In: The 2019 British Academy of Management Conference, 3-5 Sep 2019, Aston, UK. Retrieved from: http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86078/ on 15 March 2021.
  63. Thompson, J. L. (2004). The facets of the entrepreneur: identifying entrepreneurial potential. Management Decision, 42(2), 243-258. https;//doi.org/10.1108/ 00251740410515861
  64. Thrane, C., Blenker, P., Korsgaard, S. & Neergaard, H., (2016). The promise of entrepreneurship education: Reconceptualizing the individual–opportunity nexus as a conceptual framework for entrepreneurship education. International Small Business Journal, 34(7), 905-924. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242616638422
  65. Wach, K. (2018). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Ownership of Internationalized Firms from Poland. Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie, 19(2[1]), 331-341.
  66. Wadhwani, R.D. (2012). How Entrepreneurship Forgot Capitalism: Entrepreneurship Teaching and Research in Business Schools. Society, 49(3), 223-229. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12115-012-9535-y
  67. Walsh, K. (2019). Prior employment as a causal mechanism within entrepreneurial ecosystems. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 6(1), 637-645. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2019.1691047
  68. Wei, X., Liu, X., & Sha, J. (2019). How does the entrepreneurship education influence the students’ innovation? Testing on the multiple mediation model. Frontiers in psychology, 10(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01557
  69. Weiskopf, R., & Steyaert, C. (2008). Metaphors in Entrepreneurship studies: Towards an affirmative politics of entrepreneuring. In D. Hjorth, & C. Steyeart, Politics and aesthetics of entrepreneurship. Northampton: Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 08985620701671759
  70. Welter, F., Baker, T., & Wirsching, K. (2019). Three waves and counting: the rising tide of contextualization in entrepreneurship research. Small Business Economics, 52(2), 319-330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0094-5

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

11-20 of 187

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.